Scope of Services 1. Data Intake and Technical Validation Initial review and preparation of subsurface datasets to ensure quality, consistency, and suitability for interpretation. Activities include: • Definition of project scope, objectives, and reporting standards • Secure remote data transfer and confidentiality compliance • Validation of provided datasets and metadata • Depth reference verification and curve consistency checks • Identification of missing or low-quality data • Documentation of data limitations and operational conditions Input data may include: Well logs (LAS, DLIS) Directional surveys and well schematics Formation tops and drilling reports Core and laboratory measurements Formation pressure and fluid sampling data 2. Log Quality Control and Conditioning Systematic quality control of well logs before interpretation. Key tasks: • Log-to-log depth matching and normalization • Identification of borehole effects (washouts, rugosity, invasion) • Environmental corrections and tool response validation • Repeat section comparison and curve editing where required • Identification of intervals affected by poor hole conditions This stage ensures interpretation is based on reliable measurements . 3. Petrophysical Interpretation Workflow Comprehensive formation evaluation using established petrophysical methodologies. Lithology and Mineral Modeling • Shale volume estimation using multiple methods • Mineral identification using crossplot and multimineral analysis • Integration of spectral gamma ray and elemental spectroscopy where available Porosity Determination • Density–neutron–sonic crossplot analysis • Matrix correction and lithology-dependent porosity models • Core calibration and correction where available Formation Water Characterization • Determination of formation water resistivity (Rw) • Validation using SP, Rwa methods, and laboratory water analysis • Temperature and salinity corrections Water Saturation Modeling Application of appropriate models depending on lithology: • Archie model for clean formations • Shaly-sand models such as Simandoux, Indonesian, or dual-water approaches Sensitivity testing of parameters, including: cementation exponent (m) saturation exponent (n) shale conductivity 4. Permeability and Rock Typing Estimation of reservoir flow properties using integrated datasets. Methods include: • Core-derived porosity–permeability transforms • NMR-based permeability estimation where available • Hydraulic flow unit identification • Electrofacies and rock typing analysis These outputs support reservoir flow characterization and simulation models . 5. Net Reservoir and Net Pay Determination Identification of productive intervals based on petrophysical criteria. Activities include: • Definition of cutoff parameters (porosity, shale volume, saturation) • Sensitivity analysis of cutoff selection • Net-to-gross and net pay calculations • Pay flag generation for model integration 6. Core and Special Data Integration When available, laboratory and advanced logging datasets are incorporated to strengthen interpretations. Integration may include: • Routine core analysis (RCAL) calibration • Special core analysis (SCAL) interpretation • Capillary pressure data and saturation-height modeling • Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis • Image logs and structural interpretation • Dielectric and spectroscopy logs This integration improves saturation modeling and reservoir characterization . 7. Reservoir Modeling Support Preparation of outputs compatible with geomodeling and simulation workflows. Support includes: • Rock type classification for geomodels • Property tables for static modeling • Guidance for upscaling from log scale to grid scale • Saturation-height functions for field models • Petrophysical input preparation for volumetric calculations Deliverables The service produces a complete and auditable interpretation package . Typical outputs include: Technical Report interpretation methodology assumptions a